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Are you treating your team like a mechanism or an organism?

The thought I want to share with you today comes to us from a fairly unlikely place: English “philosophical entertainer” and popular interpreter of Buddhism, Alan Watts.


Watts proposes a useful distinction between organisms and mechanisms that is an excellent leadership insight:


“Mechanisms are built and organisms are grown.”




One of the mistakes leaders make (myself included) is to treat organisms as mechanisms.

As leaders, we often get stuck because we have a certain set of tools we’ve relied on for success in our mechanistically oriented world. We’re engineers who have solved engineering problems, coders who build software, safety professionals with deep wells of technical knowledge, and lawyers who sink or swim based on our expertise.

Yet when we become leaders, reaching for these old tools can leave us frustrated.

Those tools don’t work on people or organizations.

When leaders treat people as mechanisms, we rely on tools like incentives and try to control behavior.

“If only they would listen to us and do what we ask them to,” we sometimes think to ourselves, “this whole problem would be solved.”

But people are not built; we are grown. And as organisms, we thrive when we are in relationships with each other. And relationships and trust are what really get things to change.


We need to choose the right mode of operating for the right problem. It’s important because bringing the wrong tool to the job creates stress and friction, adds to resistance and dis-ease, and increases wear and tear.


I created The C.L.E.A.R. Path to Executive Leadership, a program crafted after in-depth research and work with hundreds of leaders at global organizations, to help leaders grow their awareness and bring the right tools to the challenges they face.


The C.L.E.A.R. Path to Executive Leadership is a 12-week-long journey designed specifically for busy leaders and emphasizes reflection, practice, and tools.


After this program, you will listen better, lead more confidently, empower others (while holding them accountable), and create cohesive and empowered teams with a unified vision so you can drive results.


Do you think this might be of service to you?


If so, book a complimentary 30-minute leadership diagnostic call. We’ll spend the first part of the call reflecting on your approach to leadership and wrap up by seeing whether this program might be a good fit for you.


​Click here to book​.

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Explore vs. Exploit – Developing Flexibility

Every organization has two important objectives. They need to streamline and exploit their strengths and successes while also remaining creative, exploring new ideas, and keeping an eye on the horizon for future trends.

 

One of the most crucial modern leadership challenges is how to balance these activities, how to innovate, and look ahead even as you’re improving what you’re doing now. Few companies do this well.

 

When the pandemic hit, companies changed how they worked because they needed to (as Zoom’s rapid adoption shows). Practically overnight, offices were closed. Employees were forced to work from home, cut off from their colleagues and collaborative office environments, each working in isolation from home offices or the living room sofa (often while managing childcare and home education responsibilities).

 

Companies figured out work-from-home models and turned their attention to streamlining their services and making sure that they remained functional through a time of incredible upheaval.

 

Even though these were significant changes, in many organizations they were also fairly superficial. With rare exceptions, they focused on how to “turn the crank” in a work-from-home world.

 

But, to stay relevant in this time of relentless change, firms have to keep moving. They have to focus, again, on inventing a new kind of crank.

 

As the pandemic has continued into 2021 and 2022, I’m starting to see some hope for exploration and innovation. Working from home, communicating via email, and having meetings over Zoom are all great ways to keep the gears of a business turning, but it is a challenging environment for creativity and spontaneity to flourish.

 

To do that, we need to be together in person.

 

That overstates things just a touch. There are ways to undertake this kind of work remotely. Design Sprints, for example, are a stereotyped approach to innovation that have whole groups of remote-only practitioners.

 

But I believe that most innovation work dramatically benefits from in-person interactions.

 

I think that there’s just no substitute for having people together, rearranging post-it notes, and rubbing elbows. There are few faster ways to build trust than to sit face-to-face with someone, share, and let each know that they have been heard.

 

While we still have to worry about getting sick, vaccines and testing can help manage that risk. Indeed, I myself am on day seven of having Covid right now. It’s not an experience I relish. But, thanks to vaccines, it’s been no worse than a bad flu.

 

So in my mind, the important return-to-work question right now is “How do we make returning to work matter?”

 

Because the monolithic strategy of mandating that people come “back” to the office misses the point.

 

Instead, let’s figure out what work is best done at home and what can only be done in person. Rather than mandate that people come in three days a week to sit in conference rooms and have video calls with colleagues in remote locations, let’s be smart about how we work. This is what I call the flexible strategy.

 

Do you need to turn the crank? Work from home is probably better!

 

For example, a friend who works with a large government organization wrote me and shared that a grant review process that took a month in 2020 and 2021 was now well past the two-month mark with no end in sight.

 

When everyone was working from home, we had 100s of people working 40-hour work weeks for a month with no issues. But now we have a lot of people back in the office, it’s a disaster. Distractions, chit-chat, and other meetings have slowed things down considerably. It’s a very different process and much more difficult. 

 

Do you need to explore new ideas, build trust, and innovate? I don’t think there’s any substitute for doing this kind of work in person. Maybe that means you and your team come together for a focused day of work every two weeks and spend the rest of the time with your pajama bottoms on.

 

What are you seeing? How is your company handling return to work? With a monolithic approach or with a flexible strategy?

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How Working Flat Saved a Life

Robert, a large, muscular man in his sixties, arrived for a routine checkup at his dentist’s office in downtown Toronto. Robert had always preferred an 8:00 a.m. appointment and was never late. And he always looked healthy and full of energy when he walked into the waiting room and greeted Donna, the office’s longtime receptionist.

 

But when Donna saw him that morning, something didn’t feel right to her. His face was red, and he was sweating. She sat him down and asked if he was okay. “Yeah, I’m fine,” he told her. “I just didn’t sleep well. I had indigestion. And my back hurts a little.” He had looked up his symptoms online, but he didn’t want to bother his doctor.

 

It sounded innocent enough, but Donna had a strange feeling that something was amiss. Though the dentist, Dr. Richard Speers, was in the middle of performing a procedure on another patient, she went in to see him. “Dick, Robert is here, and something just doesn’t feel right to me. Can you come out and take a look at him?”

 

“I’m really busy right now,” Speers replied.

 

“I really think you should see him,” Donna insisted. “Something isn’t right.”

 

– From Meltdown, by András Tilcsik and I (Penguin Press 2018)

 

 

“Something isn’t right.”

 

That phrase saved Robert’s life that day, but what if the work culture at the dental practice had been different?

 

What would have happened if Dr. Speers had continued to ignore Donna on the basis of her being a receptionist rather than a medical professional? What if Donna had second-guessed herself when Dr. Speers told her how busy he was? What if Donna felt too psychologically unsafe at work to mention her concerns at all?

 

And what can we learn from this as we think about our own businesses?

 

Today I’m going to talk about working flat, an approach to leadership that will help you create an empowered, cohesive team that drives better results with less stress and burden on you. As a result, you’ll be able to lead with less frustration and move forward with ease.

 

I’ve seen how transformative this approach has been for both big teams at global companies and functional leaders at professional services firms.

 

What is Working Flat?

 

Working flat is the concept of structuring a team with as little hierarchy as possible to promote psychological safety, open communication among all team members, and transparency regarding decisions, experiments, and errors. Working flat calls on the team to collaborate and remain engaged in their process so they can do their best work.

 

This isn’t a call for anarchy, there are still chief decision-makers in a flat system, they are just more accessible to the rest of the team and more open to advice and suggestions from people involved in all parts of a process.

 

Working flat tills the soil so that good ideas can emerge and take root.

 

The imperative to work flat on complex problems is based on the notion that a great deal of knowledge and experience are distributed through a team. You never know where the next good idea will come from. Beyond that, working flat is about the belief that complex problems are too wicked and fast-moving to be solved by siloed expertise.

 

Modern leadership involves a shift toward co-creation and away from bringing individual solutions. This is important because it can help us “take the pressure off” and re-frame our work as creating the context for success rather than needing to do everything ourselves.

 

Flattening Your System

 

If you’re reading this and recognizing the need to adopt more flat practices in your business, here are a few easy ways to start shifting:

 

Provide rich context—​Listening to the perspectives of your team members and sharing your perspective with them are crucial elements of getting them to buy into your plans. As organizations scale, it becomes harder to assure that information is being effectively cascaded across departments and teams. Sharing your context makes it easier to work with resistance and enroll others in your vision. Be transparent with your teams; make sure they understand the goals of the organization and what is being asked of them. If there is a big change being implemented and it is being met with resistance, take note of what your people are concerned about and why they are concerned, then address those concerns.

 

Have your team go to the work—​Going to the Genba, also known as “Management By Flying Around,” is a practice used by Toyota and other companies to keep leaders aware of the differences between how they imagine the work and how it actually gets done. It means going to the places where the dirty work happens, walking around and observing what’s going on, listening to what people are talking about, and building relationships with other teams.

 

Get on the same page—​Learn which objectives are most important to your boss. Ask them: “What are your objectives here?” or “What are you hoping to get from the projects that are on our team’s plate? Find out what your boss cares about so you can get on the same page.

 

Ask questions instead of giving answers—People will come to you for answers and it will be tempting to try to give them one, even if you aren’t really sure what to do yet. ​Resist the urge to come up with an answer for them. Instead, ask questions. Be curious and open-ended; make it safe to experiment.

 

Don’t require bravery for people to speak up—​Creating a psychologically safe team that feels comfortable sharing their thoughts with upper management takes a lot of work, but it can really pay off in the long run. Organizations that cultivate a culture of curiosity are more likely to have team members who are willing to say something when they notice a problem, make a mistake, or think of a better way of doing things.

 

That said, there’s no need to rush your teams into uncomfortable conflicts. Working flat is a shift. Don’t start by requiring junior members to challenge senior people or old dogma. Demonstrate the kind of culture you want to see. Start building trust and demonstrating your own vulnerability by admitting you don’t know the answers either, and by asking open-ended questions that make others feel safe to share.

 

What Became of Robert?

 

Dr. Speers’s office represents a way of working flat—Speers had always trained his staff to speak up and share when something didn’t feel right. When Donna noticed something was off with Robert, she not only felt safe to go directly to her boss with her concerns but also (despite her initial concern being dismissed), she still knew she was safe to insist that something wasn’t right and needed to be addressed immediately.

 

Confronted with Donna’s concerns, Dr. Speers stopped the procedure he was working on and turned his attention to Robert.

 

After only a few questions, Speers had a good guess as to what was going on: Robert was in the middle of a serious heart attack. Speers sent him directly to the cardiac center of Toronto General Hospital, where he had an emergency triple-bypass surgery that saved his life.

 

How about that?! Working flat saved a life!

 

Does a cohesive, empowered, results-oriented team feel constantly out of your reach? ​Book a free 30-minute call with me​ to learn how to start creating the team you know you can have.

 

I love connecting with leaders, so the call is completely free. On the call, we’ll discuss the context driving your work and your goals for your team, and I’ll provide some strategies to help support you to drive results that make a positive impact on your business.

 

From the challenge of driving change at scale and tackling complex problems with teams that are constantly waiting for you to find solutions to the importance of creating psychological safety to empower teams that actually drive results, this call is designed to help you forge a more impactful leadership system.

 

I’d love to hear from you—​you can book your call with me here.

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Can listening help your boss win? 

“Chris, I want you to make this your highest priority!” 

 

My boss was pretty excitable, so I was no stranger to being yelled at across the trading desk. Still, this struck me as a particular gem of absurdity. 

 

“Sounds good, Dave. But… [out came the project management spreadsheet] what about all of these other projects that you’ve also told me are my highest priority?” 

 

I didn’t want to disappoint my boss—but I also didn’t see how all of these “highest priorities,” including some projects I was particularly excited to move forward, came together.

 

It was frustrating to feel like I was always being pulled in a new direction, and I didn’t know how to work with my boss. 

 

I didn’t have the secret question then. 

 

It’s a question so powerful that many of my clients have used it to build trust with their bosses, work on what they’re most excited about, succeed with high-profile projects, and get promoted. 

 

What are your objectives?

 

(Which is just a fancy way of asking “why?”)

 

Why does this question work? 

 

It’s because our bosses are people too (something that we often forget!). 

 

They have desires, they have beliefs. 

 

They have mandates from their bosses and needs like ego, gratification, and promotion that they need to meet. 

 

They have their own strengths and weaknesses, their own blind spots. 

 

Bosses are just like us in many ways. 🙂 

 

So, when you see a vexing problem, particularly one that stretches beyond your ambit—like poor collaboration with a remote team or tools that don’t work very well—take a moment before you start fantasizing about how you would engineer a solution.

 

I see folks get stuck and frustrated at this moment because their boss doesn’t support the change. That makes sense! You see a clear problem. “If only they got it! I could solve this problem.”

 

But your boss may not actually care about the problem. 

 

Bosses like to solve their problems, not your problems. 

 

The first thing you need to do is uncover what your boss cares about.  

 

The good news is that we can take steps to make these shifts. 

 

So how do you figure out what your boss wants? 

 

You use curiosity and listening to find out what’s important to them, to explore their motivations and what they’re trying to do. 

 

Ask questions!

  • What’s the most important thing you’re working on right now? 
  • What are your top priorities this quarter? 
  • What are you hoping to get from this project/the projects that are on our plate as a team? 

 

Start a conversation. Listen. Empathize. Reflect back. 

 

You need to understand their perspective before you can move your ideas forward (even if your ideas are, and I say this objectively, obviously brilliant). 

 

Move toward what negotiator Chris Voss calls the “That’s right” moment. You know that you’ve nailed it when your listening and reflecting creates an opening for your boss to affirm what you’ve said: “Yes, that’s right! That’s exactly why this is important.” 

 

Let’s imagine that you’re an operations manager for an industrial plant; your boss, Sandy, is the plant manager. You’ve scheduled thirty minutes for a 1:1 with them and you want to talk about how you could solve some of the challenges you’ve been seeing with the purchasing group—which is a corporate function. 

 

The typical approach would be to start the meeting by advocating for the solution you see. “We need to change how purchasing works. Here’s why.” 

 

But that’s rooted in your perspective. 

 

Instead, you want to get to Voss’s “That’s right” moment by creating common ground before you try to move things forward.

 

So how do you do this?

 

You can still start by bringing your own ideas—but marry them with curious questions. 

 

You: Sandy, I’ve been thinking a lot about how we collaborate with the purchasing team and how it could be improved. But before I go into that, I was wondering: can you share the most important things you’re working on right now? 

 

Sandy: Well, a lot of folks have been retiring or leaving for competitors and, in this climate, it’s hard to hire. We’re also not immune to “quiet quitting.” 

 

Mirror and paraphrase, but stay curious: 

 

You: I see that your most important focus right now is retention and hiring. Is that right?

 

Sandy: That’s right. I’m looking at training, our wages, our hiring process—our talent strategy across the board. 

 

Deepen your understanding by asking why

 

You: Got it. Why is that so important right now? What are your objectives with this effort? 

 

Sandy: Sure. With the turnover and outages, we’re struggling to run at capacity because we don’t always have the people we need. 

 

Restate the why and get confirmation.

 

You: Ah, so the underlying challenge that you’re trying to address is our ability to run at capacity. Is that right? 

 

Sandy: That’s right! 

 

(It doesn’t actually matter if you’re right. If you get a “That’s right,” you’ve gotten confirmation that you’re on the right track. If your boss corrects you—“Actually, that’s not the reason. What’s most important is…”—well, now you’re on the right track.)

 

Only then move on to your issue. 

 

You: Ok, that makes sense. And that’s actually how I’ve been thinking about how we work with purchasing. There’s two challenges that I see that might be relevant here. 

 

Purchasing is (quite rightly so) obsessed with controlling costs. 

 

But, since they’re so focused on just-in-time, our people don’t always have the right tools or parts—which is demoralizing and disengaging. It makes us look kind of dumb—we’ve tasked someone with a job that we know they can’t complete. And, perhaps most importantly, it means that critical repairs are sometimes delayed and we lose capacity. 

 

I’d like to see if I can craft a new way to work with purchasing. Is it OK if I write you a quick summary and run it by you for feedback before I get started? 

 

They may still say no to your idea. But even if your project doesn’t move forward, you will understand your boss more. That’s a huge win. 

 

This approach marries intentional listening with a set of specific skills (open-ended questions and mirroring). It is simple, but it’s not easy. 

 

Listening is an intention, but it’s also a skill we can practice.

 

If you’re curious how I approach it, click here to be the first to get the details about the free Lead Curious Open House I’m running in December.

 

It’s an interactive workshop where you’ll get specific tools and practice with peers to make curiosity central to your approach to working with others — your boss included.

 

Click here and be the first to get the details when we firm everything up!



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